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Shear

Structural Design · FE Reference Handbook section

Structural Design
5 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~55 min
All Structural Design lectures

Handbook notes for this section

Definitions and conditions exactly as the handbook states them.

  • The design shear strength φvVn is determined with

Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength — Shear

a W-shape beam web at a bolted end connection Given yield stress (F_y) = 45.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 2.1000 in^2; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.7800, determine the nominal shear strength (V_n) in kips.

Given

  • yieldstress(Fy)=45.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 45.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=2.1000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 2.1000 in^2
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.7800web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.7800

Find

nominal shear strength (V_n), in kips

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except V_n is given, so isolate V_n symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 1 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength — Shear

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for V_n:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: yield stress (F_y) = 45.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 2.1000 in^2, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.7800.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Vn=44.2260 kipsV_{n} = 44.2260\ \text{kips}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning V_n = 44.2260 kips to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Vn=44.2260 kipsV_{n} = 44.2260\ \text{kips}

Why the other options are there

  • 88.4520 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 22.1130 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 48.6486 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 2
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web area (d t_w) — Shear (2)

a plate-girder web panel between stiffeners Given nominal shear strength (V_n) = 301.3 kips; yield stress (F_y) = 46.0000 ksi; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.8100, determine the web area (d t_w) (A_w) in in^2.

Given

  • nominalshearstrength(Vn)=301.3kipsnominal shear strength (V_n) = 301.3 kips
  • yieldstress(Fy)=46.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 46.0000 ksi
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.8100web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.8100

Find

web area (d t_w) (A_w), in in^2

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except A_w is given, so isolate A_w symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 2 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web area (d t_w) — Shear (2)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for A_w:

    Aw=Vn0.6FyCvA_{w} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y C_v}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: nominal shear strength (V_n) = 301.3 kips, yield stress (F_y) = 46.0000 ksi, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.8100.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Aw=Vn0.6FyCvA_{w} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y C_v}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    A_{w} = 13.4774\ \text{in^2}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning A_w = 13.4774 in^2 to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
A_{w} = 13.4774\ \text{in^2}

Why the other options are there

  • 26.9547 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 6.7387 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 14.8251 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 3
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web shear coefficient — Shear (3)

a coped beam web at a shear tab Given nominal shear strength (V_n) = 611.2 kips; yield stress (F_y) = 40.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 14.5000 in^2, determine the web shear coefficient (C_v).

Given

  • nominalshearstrength(Vn)=611.2kipsnominal shear strength (V_n) = 611.2 kips
  • yieldstress(Fy)=40.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 40.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=14.5000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 14.5000 in^2

Find

web shear coefficient (C_v)

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except C_v is given, so isolate C_v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 3 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web shear coefficient — Shear (3)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for C_v:

    Cv=Vn0.6FyAwC_{v} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y A_w}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: nominal shear strength (V_n) = 611.2 kips, yield stress (F_y) = 40.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 14.5000 in^2.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Cv=Vn0.6FyAwC_{v} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y A_w}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Cv=1.7563C_{v} = 1.7563
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning C_v = 1.7563 to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Cv=1.7563C_{v} = 1.7563

Why the other options are there

  • 3.5126 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.8782 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1.9320 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 4
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength (case 2) — Shear (4)

a W-shape beam web at a bolted end connection Given yield stress (F_y) = 42.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 15.9000 in^2; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6800, determine the nominal shear strength (V_n) in kips.

Given

  • yieldstress(Fy)=42.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 42.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=15.9000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 15.9000 in^2
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.6800web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6800

Find

nominal shear strength (V_n), in kips

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except V_n is given, so isolate V_n symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 4 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength (case 2) — Shear (4)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for V_n:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: yield stress (F_y) = 42.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 15.9000 in^2, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6800.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Vn=272.5 kipsV_{n} = 272.5\ \text{kips}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning V_n = 272.5 kips to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Vn=272.5 kipsV_{n} = 272.5\ \text{kips}

Why the other options are there

  • 544.9 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 136.2 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 299.7 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 5
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web area (d t_w) (case 2) — Shear (5)

a plate-girder web panel between stiffeners Given nominal shear strength (V_n) = 353.4 kips; yield stress (F_y) = 45.0000 ksi; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.8900, determine the web area (d t_w) (A_w) in in^2.

Given

  • nominalshearstrength(Vn)=353.4kipsnominal shear strength (V_n) = 353.4 kips
  • yieldstress(Fy)=45.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 45.0000 ksi
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.8900web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.8900

Find

web area (d t_w) (A_w), in in^2

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except A_w is given, so isolate A_w symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 5 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web area (d t_w) (case 2) — Shear (5)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for A_w:

    Aw=Vn0.6FyCvA_{w} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y C_v}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: nominal shear strength (V_n) = 353.4 kips, yield stress (F_y) = 45.0000 ksi, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.8900.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Aw=Vn0.6FyCvA_{w} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y C_v}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    A_{w} = 14.7066\ \text{in^2}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning A_w = 14.7066 in^2 to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
A_{w} = 14.7066\ \text{in^2}

Why the other options are there

  • 29.4132 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 7.3533 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 16.1773 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 6
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web shear coefficient (case 2) — Shear (6)

a coped beam web at a shear tab Given nominal shear strength (V_n) = 160.9 kips; yield stress (F_y) = 43.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 12.3000 in^2, determine the web shear coefficient (C_v).

Given

  • nominalshearstrength(Vn)=160.9kipsnominal shear strength (V_n) = 160.9 kips
  • yieldstress(Fy)=43.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 43.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=12.3000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 12.3000 in^2

Find

web shear coefficient (C_v)

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except C_v is given, so isolate C_v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 6 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web shear coefficient (case 2) — Shear (6)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for C_v:

    Cv=Vn0.6FyAwC_{v} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y A_w}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: nominal shear strength (V_n) = 160.9 kips, yield stress (F_y) = 43.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 12.3000 in^2.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Cv=Vn0.6FyAwC_{v} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y A_w}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Cv=0.5070C_{v} = 0.5070
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning C_v = 0.5070 to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Cv=0.5070C_{v} = 0.5070

Why the other options are there

  • 1.0141 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.2535 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 0.5577 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 7
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength (case 3) — Shear (7)

a W-shape beam web at a bolted end connection Given yield stress (F_y) = 47.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 9.9000 in^2; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6800, determine the nominal shear strength (V_n) in kips.

Given

  • yieldstress(Fy)=47.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 47.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=9.9000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 9.9000 in^2
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.6800web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6800

Find

nominal shear strength (V_n), in kips

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except V_n is given, so isolate V_n symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 7 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength (case 3) — Shear (7)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for V_n:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: yield stress (F_y) = 47.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 9.9000 in^2, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6800.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Vn=189.8 kipsV_{n} = 189.8\ \text{kips}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning V_n = 189.8 kips to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Vn=189.8 kipsV_{n} = 189.8\ \text{kips}

Why the other options are there

  • 379.7 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 94.9212 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 208.8 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 8
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web area (d t_w) (case 3) — Shear (8)

a plate-girder web panel between stiffeners Given nominal shear strength (V_n) = 868.1 kips; yield stress (F_y) = 44.0000 ksi; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6300, determine the web area (d t_w) (A_w) in in^2.

Given

  • nominalshearstrength(Vn)=868.1kipsnominal shear strength (V_n) = 868.1 kips
  • yieldstress(Fy)=44.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 44.0000 ksi
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.6300web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6300

Find

web area (d t_w) (A_w), in in^2

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except A_w is given, so isolate A_w symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 8 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web area (d t_w) (case 3) — Shear (8)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for A_w:

    Aw=Vn0.6FyCvA_{w} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y C_v}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: nominal shear strength (V_n) = 868.1 kips, yield stress (F_y) = 44.0000 ksi, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.6300.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Aw=Vn0.6FyCvA_{w} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y C_v}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    A_{w} = 52.1946\ \text{in^2}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning A_w = 52.1946 in^2 to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
A_{w} = 52.1946\ \text{in^2}

Why the other options are there

  • 104.4 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 26.0973 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 57.4140 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 9
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web shear coefficient (case 3) — Shear (9)

a coped beam web at a shear tab Given nominal shear strength (V_n) = 760.4 kips; yield stress (F_y) = 42.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 12.1000 in^2, determine the web shear coefficient (C_v).

Given

  • nominalshearstrength(Vn)=760.4kipsnominal shear strength (V_n) = 760.4 kips
  • yieldstress(Fy)=42.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 42.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=12.1000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 12.1000 in^2

Find

web shear coefficient (C_v)

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except C_v is given, so isolate C_v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 9 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for web shear coefficient (case 3) — Shear (9)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for C_v:

    Cv=Vn0.6FyAwC_{v} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y A_w}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: nominal shear strength (V_n) = 760.4 kips, yield stress (F_y) = 42.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 12.1000 in^2.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Cv=Vn0.6FyAwC_{v} = \dfrac{V_n}{0.6 F_y A_w}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Cv=2.4938C_{v} = 2.4938
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning C_v = 2.4938 to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Cv=2.4938C_{v} = 2.4938

Why the other options are there

  • 4.9875 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 1.2469 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 2.7431 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

Example 10
Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength (case 4) — Shear (10)

a W-shape beam web at a bolted end connection Given yield stress (F_y) = 37.0000 ksi; web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 14.9000 in^2; web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.7900, determine the nominal shear strength (V_n) in kips.

Given

  • yieldstress(Fy)=37.0000ksiyield stress (F_y) = 37.0000 ksi
  • webarea(dtw)(Aw)=14.9000in2web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 14.9000 in^2
  • webshearcoefficient(Cv)=0.7900web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.7900

Find

nominal shear strength (V_n), in kips

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Shear strength of a steel web.
  • Everything except V_n is given, so isolate V_n symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The web of a rolled steel beam is checked for the shear limit state at the support.
bf = 7.5 ind = 18 inW18x50

Figure 10 — schematic for Shear strength of a steel web — solve for nominal shear strength (case 4) — Shear (10)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for V_n:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: yield stress (F_y) = 37.0000 ksi, web area (d t_w) (A_w) = 14.9000 in^2, web shear coefficient (C_v) = 0.7900.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_{n} = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    Vn=261.3 kipsV_{n} = 261.3\ \text{kips}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning V_n = 261.3 kips to

    Vn=0.6FyAwCvV_n = 0.6 F_y A_w C_v

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
Vn=261.3 kipsV_{n} = 261.3\ \text{kips}

Why the other options are there

  • 522.6 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 130.7 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 287.4 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: AISC Specification §G2.1 — Shear Strength

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