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Radius of Gyration

Statics · FE Reference Handbook section

Statics
2 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~49 min
All Statics lectures

Handbook notes for this section

Definitions and conditions exactly as the handbook states them.

  • The radius of gyration rp, rx, ry is the distance from a reference axis at which all of the area can be considered to be concentrated

Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration

A rectangular area 8 in wide by 23 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 8 in away.

Given

  • b=8inb = 8 in
  • h=23inh = 23 in
  • d=8ind = 8 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=8(23)=184in2A = b h = 8(23) = 184 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=8(23)3/12=8,111in4I_x = 8(23)^{3}/12 = 8,111 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(8,111/184)=6.640inr_x = \sqrt(8,111/184) = 6.640 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=8,111+184(8)2=19,887in4I' = 8,111 + 184(8)^{2} = 19,887 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=8,111in4,rx=6.640in,I′=19,887in4I_x = 8,111 in^{4}, r_x = 6.640 in, I' = 19,887 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 44.08 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 9,583 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 2
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (2)

A rectangular area 13 in wide by 13 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 11 in away.

Given

  • b=13inb = 13 in
  • h=13inh = 13 in
  • d=11ind = 11 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=13(13)=169in2A = b h = 13(13) = 169 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=13(13)3/12=2,380in4I_x = 13(13)^{3}/12 = 2,380 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(2,380/169)=3.753inr_x = \sqrt(2,380/169) = 3.753 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=2,380+169(11)2=22,829in4I' = 2,380 + 169(11)^{2} = 22,829 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=2,380in4,rx=3.753in,I′=22,829in4I_x = 2,380 in^{4}, r_x = 3.753 in, I' = 22,829 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 14.08 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 4,239 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 3
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (3)

A rectangular area 6 in wide by 10 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 7 in away.

Given

  • b=6inb = 6 in
  • h=10inh = 10 in
  • d=7ind = 7 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=6(10)=60in2A = b h = 6(10) = 60 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=6(10)3/12=500.0in4I_x = 6(10)^{3}/12 = 500.0 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(500.0/60)=2.887inr_x = \sqrt(500.0/60) = 2.887 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=500.0+60(7)2=3,440in4I' = 500.0 + 60(7)^{2} = 3,440 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=500.0in4,rx=2.887in,I′=3,440in4I_x = 500.0 in^{4}, r_x = 2.887 in, I' = 3,440 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 8.33 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 920.0 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 4
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (4)

A rectangular area 9 in wide by 15 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 12 in away.

Given

  • b=9inb = 9 in
  • h=15inh = 15 in
  • d=12ind = 12 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=9(15)=135in2A = b h = 9(15) = 135 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=9(15)3/12=2,531in4I_x = 9(15)^{3}/12 = 2,531 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(2,531/135)=4.330inr_x = \sqrt(2,531/135) = 4.330 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=2,531+135(12)2=21,971in4I' = 2,531 + 135(12)^{2} = 21,971 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=2,531in4,rx=4.330in,I′=21,971in4I_x = 2,531 in^{4}, r_x = 4.330 in, I' = 21,971 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 18.75 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 4,151 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 5
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (5)

A rectangular area 7 in wide by 18 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 12 in away.

Given

  • b=7inb = 7 in
  • h=18inh = 18 in
  • d=12ind = 12 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=7(18)=126in2A = b h = 7(18) = 126 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=7(18)3/12=3,402in4I_x = 7(18)^{3}/12 = 3,402 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(3,402/126)=5.196inr_x = \sqrt(3,402/126) = 5.196 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=3,402+126(12)2=21,546in4I' = 3,402 + 126(12)^{2} = 21,546 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=3,402in4,rx=5.196in,I′=21,546in4I_x = 3,402 in^{4}, r_x = 5.196 in, I' = 21,546 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 27.00 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 4,914 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 6
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (6)

A rectangular area 9 in wide by 19 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 3 in away.

Given

  • b=9inb = 9 in
  • h=19inh = 19 in
  • d=3ind = 3 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=9(19)=171in2A = b h = 9(19) = 171 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=9(19)3/12=5,144in4I_x = 9(19)^{3}/12 = 5,144 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(5,144/171)=5.485inr_x = \sqrt(5,144/171) = 5.485 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=5,144+171(3)2=6,683in4I' = 5,144 + 171(3)^{2} = 6,683 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=5,144in4,rx=5.485in,I′=6,683in4I_x = 5,144 in^{4}, r_x = 5.485 in, I' = 6,683 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 30.08 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 5,657 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 7
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (7)

A rectangular area 5 in wide by 14 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 5 in away.

Given

  • b=5inb = 5 in
  • h=14inh = 14 in
  • d=5ind = 5 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=5(14)=70in2A = b h = 5(14) = 70 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=5(14)3/12=1,143in4I_x = 5(14)^{3}/12 = 1,143 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(1,143/70)=4.041inr_x = \sqrt(1,143/70) = 4.041 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=1,143+70(5)2=2,893in4I' = 1,143 + 70(5)^{2} = 2,893 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=1,143in4,rx=4.041in,I′=2,893in4I_x = 1,143 in^{4}, r_x = 4.041 in, I' = 2,893 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 16.33 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 1,493 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 8
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (8)

A rectangular area 13 in wide by 8 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 12 in away.

Given

  • b=13inb = 13 in
  • h=8inh = 8 in
  • d=12ind = 12 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=13(8)=104in2A = b h = 13(8) = 104 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=13(8)3/12=554.7in4I_x = 13(8)^{3}/12 = 554.7 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(554.7/104)=2.309inr_x = \sqrt(554.7/104) = 2.309 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=554.7+104(12)2=15,531in4I' = 554.7 + 104(12)^{2} = 15,531 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=554.7in4,rx=2.309in,I′=15,531in4I_x = 554.7 in^{4}, r_x = 2.309 in, I' = 15,531 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 5.33 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 1,803 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 9
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (9)

A rectangular area 13 in wide by 17 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 7 in away.

Given

  • b=13inb = 13 in
  • h=17inh = 17 in
  • d=7ind = 7 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=13(17)=221in2A = b h = 13(17) = 221 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=13(17)3/12=5,322in4I_x = 13(17)^{3}/12 = 5,322 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(5,322/221)=4.907inr_x = \sqrt(5,322/221) = 4.907 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=5,322+221(7)2=16,151in4I' = 5,322 + 221(7)^{2} = 16,151 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=5,322in4,rx=4.907in,I′=16,151in4I_x = 5,322 in^{4}, r_x = 4.907 in, I' = 16,151 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 24.08 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 6,869 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

Example 10
Radius of gyration and the parallel-axis shift — Radius of Gyration (10)

A rectangular area 13 in wide by 19 in deep is used as a bracket plate. Compute its centroidal moment of inertia, the radius of gyration about that axis, and the moment of inertia about a parallel axis 4 in away.

Given

  • b=13inb = 13 in
  • h=19inh = 19 in
  • d=4ind = 4 in

Find

I_x, radius of gyration r_x, and the shifted inertia

Start with the thinking

  • The radius of gyration is the distance at which the whole area could be concentrated with the same inertia.
  • The parallel-axis term A d² always increases the moment of inertia.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Area

    A=bh=13(19)=247in2A = b h = 13(19) = 247 in^{2}
  2. Formula

    Ix=bh3/12I_x = b h^{3}/12
  3. Substituting

    Ix=13(19)3/12=7,431in4I_x = 13(19)^{3}/12 = 7,431 in^{4}
  4. Formula

    rx=(I/A)r_x = \sqrt(I/A)
  5. Substituting

    rx=(7,431/247)=5.485inr_x = \sqrt(7,431/247) = 5.485 in
  6. Formula

    I′=I+Ad2I' = I + A d^{2}
  7. Substituting

    I′=7,431+247(4)2=11,383in4I' = 7,431 + 247(4)^{2} = 11,383 in^{4}
Answer:
Ix=7,431in4,rx=5.485in,I′=11,383in4I_x = 7,431 in^{4}, r_x = 5.485 in, I' = 11,383 in^{4}

Why the other options are there

  • r = 30.08 in (forgot the square root)
  • I' = 8,419 in⁴ (distance not squared)

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Radius of Gyration

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