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Moment of Inertia

Statics · FE Reference Handbook section

Statics
5 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~55 min
All Statics lectures

Handbook notes for this section

Definitions and conditions exactly as the handbook states them.

  • The moment of inertia, or the second moment of area, is defined as
  • The polar moment of inertia J of an area about a point is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the area about any two
  • perpendicular axes in the area and passing through the same point.

Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Moment of a force — solve for moment — Moment of Inertia

A statics problem uses Moment of a force. Given force (F) = 544.0 lb; moment arm (d) = 18.7000 ft, determine the moment (M) in lb·ft.

Given

  • force(F)=544.0lbforce (F) = 544.0 lb
  • momentarm(d)=18.7000ftmoment arm (d) = 18.7000 ft

Find

moment (M), in lb·ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force.
  • Everything except M is given, so isolate M symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Statics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=F×dM = F \times d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that M stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:force(F)=544.0lb,momentarm(d)=18.7000ftList the givens: force (F) = 544.0 lb, moment arm (d) = 18.7000 ft
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    M=10173 lb⋅ftM = 10173\ \text{lb·ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning M = 10,173 lb·ft to

    M=F×dM = F \times d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
M=10173 lb⋅ftM = 10173\ \text{lb·ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 20,346 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 5,086 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 11,190 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Moment of Inertia

Example 2
Moment of a force about a point — solve for moment — Moment of Inertia (2)

a cantilevered sign arm Given force (F) = 3,589 N; perpendicular distance (d) = 1.1000 m, determine the moment (M) in N\cdot m.

Given

  • force(F)=3,589Nforce (F) = 3,589 N
  • perpendiculardistance(d)=1.1000mperpendicular distance (d) = 1.1000 m

Find

moment (M), in N\cdot m

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force about a point.
  • Everything except M is given, so isolate M symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • A force acting at a perpendicular distance d produces a moment.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=FdM = F d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for M:

    M=M=FdM = M = F d
  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:force(F)=3,589N,perpendiculardistance(d)=1.1000mList the givens: force (F) = 3,589 N, perpendicular distance (d) = 1.1000 m
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    M=M=35891.1000M = M = 3589 1.1000
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    M=3948 N\cdotmM = 3948\ \text{N\cdot m}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning M = 3,948 N\cdot m to

    M=FdM = F d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
M=3948 N\cdotmM = 3948\ \text{N\cdot m}

Why the other options are there

  • 7,895 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 1,974 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 4,342 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Statics (Moments)

Example 3
Rectangular moment of inertia — solve for moment of inertia — Moment of Inertia (3)

A rectangular concrete section's moment of inertia is used in a stiffness calculation. Given width (b) = 5.1000 in; height (h) = 22.7000 in, determine the moment of inertia (I) in in^4.

Given

  • width(b)=5.1000inwidth (b) = 5.1000 in
  • height(h)=22.7000inheight (h) = 22.7000 in

Find

moment of inertia (I), in in^4

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Rectangular moment of inertia.
  • Everything except I is given, so isolate I symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The moment of inertia of a rectangular cross section about its centroidal axis governs bending stiffness.
Rectangular sectioncentroidal axisb = 6h = 12

Figure 3 — schematic for Rectangular moment of inertia — solve for moment of inertia — Moment of Inertia (3)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for I:

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}
  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:width(b)=5.1000in,height(h)=22.7000inList the givens: width (b) = 5.1000 in, height (h) = 22.7000 in
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    I=5.100022.7000312I = \dfrac{5.1000 22.7000^3}{12}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    I = 4971\ \text{in^4}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning I = 4,971 in^4 to

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
I = 4971\ \text{in^4}

Why the other options are there

  • 9,943 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 2,486 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 5,468 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Statics: Moment of Inertia

Example 4
Moment of a force — solve for force — Moment of Inertia (4)

A statics problem uses Moment of a force. Given moment arm (d) = 14.5000 ft; moment (M) = 4,488 lb·ft, determine the force (F) in lb.

Given

  • momentarm(d)=14.5000ftmoment arm (d) = 14.5000 ft
  • moment (M) = 4,488 lb·ft

Find

force (F), in lb

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force.
  • Everything except F is given, so isolate F symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Statics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=F×dM = F \times d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that F stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: moment arm (d) = 14.5000 ft, moment (M) = 4,488 lb·ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    F=309.5 lbF = 309.5\ \text{lb}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning F = 309.5 lb to

    M=F×dM = F \times d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
F=309.5 lbF = 309.5\ \text{lb}

Why the other options are there

  • 619.0 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 154.8 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 340.5 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Moment of Inertia

Example 5
Moment of a force about a point — solve for force — Moment of Inertia (5)

a wrench applied to an anchor nut Given moment (M) = 1,770 N\cdot m; perpendicular distance (d) = 4.0000 m, determine the force (F) in N.

Given

  • moment(M)=1,770N⋅mmoment (M) = 1,770 N\cdot m
  • perpendiculardistance(d)=4.0000mperpendicular distance (d) = 4.0000 m

Find

force (F), in N

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force about a point.
  • Everything except F is given, so isolate F symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • A force acting at a perpendicular distance d produces a moment.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=FdM = F d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for F:

    F=F=MdF = F = \dfrac{M}{d}
  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:moment(M)=1,770N⋅m,perpendiculardistance(d)=4.0000mList the givens: moment (M) = 1,770 N\cdot m, perpendicular distance (d) = 4.0000 m
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    F=F=17704.0000F = F = \dfrac{1770}{4.0000}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    F=442.4 NF = 442.4\ \text{N}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning F = 442.4 N to

    M=FdM = F d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
F=442.4 NF = 442.4\ \text{N}

Why the other options are there

  • 884.8 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 221.2 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 486.6 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Statics (Moments)

Example 6
Rectangular moment of inertia — solve for width — Moment of Inertia (6)

A rectangular wood beam's moment of inertia is needed for a deflection check. Given height (h) = 23.2000 in; moment of inertia (I) = 4,695 in^4, determine the width (b) in in.

Given

  • height(h)=23.2000inheight (h) = 23.2000 in
  • momentofinertia(I)=4,695in4moment of inertia (I) = 4,695 in^4

Find

width (b), in in

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Rectangular moment of inertia.
  • Everything except b is given, so isolate b symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The moment of inertia of a rectangular cross section about its centroidal axis governs bending stiffness.
Rectangular sectioncentroidal axisb = 6h = 12

Figure 6 — schematic for Rectangular moment of inertia — solve for width — Moment of Inertia (6)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for b:

    b=12Ih3b = \dfrac{12 I}{h^3}
  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:height(h)=23.2000in,momentofinertia(I)=4,695in4List the givens: height (h) = 23.2000 in, moment of inertia (I) = 4,695 in^4
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    b=12469523.20003b = \dfrac{12 4695}{23.2000^3}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    b=4.5118 inb = 4.5118\ \text{in}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning b = 4.5118 in to

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
b=4.5118 inb = 4.5118\ \text{in}

Why the other options are there

  • 9.0237 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 2.2559 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 4.9630 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Statics: Moment of Inertia

Example 7
Moment of a force — solve for moment arm — Moment of Inertia (7)

A statics problem uses Moment of a force. Given force (F) = 1,027 lb; moment (M) = 13,314 lb·ft, determine the moment arm (d) in ft.

Given

  • force(F)=1,027lbforce (F) = 1,027 lb
  • moment (M) = 13,314 lb·ft

Find

moment arm (d), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force.
  • Everything except d is given, so isolate d symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Statics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=F×dM = F \times d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that d stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: force (F) = 1,027 lb, moment (M) = 13,314 lb·ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    d=12.9640 ftd = 12.9640\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning d = 12.9640 ft to

    M=F×dM = F \times d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
d=12.9640 ftd = 12.9640\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 25.9279 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 6.4820 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 14.2604 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Moment of Inertia

Example 8
Moment of a force about a point — solve for perpendicular distance — Moment of Inertia (8)

a bracket bolted to a column flange Given moment (M) = 894.5 N\cdot m; force (F) = 3,274 N, determine the perpendicular distance (d) in m.

Given

  • moment(M)=894.5N⋅mmoment (M) = 894.5 N\cdot m
  • force(F)=3,274Nforce (F) = 3,274 N

Find

perpendicular distance (d), in m

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force about a point.
  • Everything except d is given, so isolate d symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • A force acting at a perpendicular distance d produces a moment.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=FdM = F d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for d:

    d=d=MFd = d = \dfrac{M}{F}
  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:moment(M)=894.5N⋅m,force(F)=3,274NList the givens: moment (M) = 894.5 N\cdot m, force (F) = 3,274 N
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    d=d=894.53274d = d = \dfrac{894.5}{3274}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    d=0.2732 md = 0.2732\ \text{m}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning d = 0.2732 m to

    M=FdM = F d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
d=0.2732 md = 0.2732\ \text{m}

Why the other options are there

  • 0.5464 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.1366 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 0.3005 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Statics (Moments)

Example 9
Rectangular moment of inertia — solve for height — Moment of Inertia (9)

A steel plate's moment of inertia about its centroidal axis is computed for buckling. Given width (b) = 8.4000 in; moment of inertia (I) = 9,676 in^4, determine the height (h) in in.

Given

  • width(b)=8.4000inwidth (b) = 8.4000 in
  • momentofinertia(I)=9,676in4moment of inertia (I) = 9,676 in^4

Find

height (h), in in

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Rectangular moment of inertia.
  • Everything except h is given, so isolate h symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The moment of inertia of a rectangular cross section about its centroidal axis governs bending stiffness.
Rectangular sectioncentroidal axisb = 6h = 12

Figure 9 — schematic for Rectangular moment of inertia — solve for height — Moment of Inertia (9)

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for h:

    h=12Ib3h = \sqrt[3]{\dfrac{12 I}{b}}
  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:width(b)=8.4000in,momentofinertia(I)=9,676in4List the givens: width (b) = 8.4000 in, moment of inertia (I) = 9,676 in^4
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    h=1296768.40003h = \sqrt[3]{\dfrac{12 9676}{8.4000}}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    h=23.9993 inh = 23.9993\ \text{in}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning h = 23.9993 in to

    I=bh312I = \dfrac{b h^3}{12}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
h=23.9993 inh = 23.9993\ \text{in}

Why the other options are there

  • 47.9987 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 11.9997 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 26.3993 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Statics: Moment of Inertia

Example 10
Moment of a force — solve for moment (case 2) — Moment of Inertia (10)

A statics problem uses Moment of a force. Given force (F) = 76.0000 lb; moment arm (d) = 13.4000 ft, determine the moment (M) in lb·ft.

Given

  • force(F)=76.0000lbforce (F) = 76.0000 lb
  • momentarm(d)=13.4000ftmoment arm (d) = 13.4000 ft

Find

moment (M), in lb·ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Moment of a force.
  • Everything except M is given, so isolate M symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Statics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    M=F×dM = F \times d
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that M stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3

    Listthegivens:force(F)=76.0000lb,momentarm(d)=13.4000ftList the givens: force (F) = 76.0000 lb, moment arm (d) = 13.4000 ft
  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    M=1018 lb⋅ftM = 1018\ \text{lb·ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning M = 1,018 lb·ft to

    M=F×dM = F \times d

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
M=1018 lb⋅ftM = 1018\ \text{lb·ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 2,037 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 509.2 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1,120 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Statics → Moment of Inertia

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