Incineration
Environmental Engineering · FE Reference Handbook section
Core formulas for this FE topic
Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.
Worked exam-style examples
The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.
hazardous waste incineration destruction and removal efficiency requirement Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 181.0 kg/hr; mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 1.3300 kg/hr, determine the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) in %.
Given
Find
destruction and removal efficiency (DRE), in %
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except DRE is given, so isolate DRE symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for DRE:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 181.0 kg/hr, mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 1.3300 kg/hr.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
DRE = 99.2652\ \text{%}Step 6 — Check: returning DRE = 99.2652 % to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 198.5 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 49.6326 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 109.2 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
incineration DRE calculation from feed rate and stack emission rate Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 109.0 kg/hr; destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 97.6200 %, determine the mass emitted in stack (W_out) in kg/hr.
Given
Find
mass emitted in stack (W_out), in kg/hr
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except W_out is given, so isolate W_out symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for W_out:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 109.0 kg/hr, destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 97.6200 %.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W_out = 2.5942 kg/hr to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 5.1884 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 1.2971 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 2.8536 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
incinerator DRE demonstration for regulatory compliance Given mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 1.1830 kg/hr; destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 90.9520 %, determine the mass fed to incinerator (W_in) in kg/hr.
Given
Find
mass fed to incinerator (W_in), in kg/hr
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except W_in is given, so isolate W_in symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for W_in:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 1.1830 kg/hr, destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 90.9520 %.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W_in = 13.0747 kg/hr to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 26.1494 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 6.5374 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 14.3822 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
hazardous waste incineration destruction and removal efficiency requirement Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 467.0 kg/hr; mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 1.2380 kg/hr, determine the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) in %.
Given
Find
destruction and removal efficiency (DRE), in %
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except DRE is given, so isolate DRE symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for DRE:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 467.0 kg/hr, mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 1.2380 kg/hr.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
DRE = 99.7349\ \text{%}Step 6 — Check: returning DRE = 99.7349 % to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 199.5 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 49.8675 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 109.7 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
incineration DRE calculation from feed rate and stack emission rate Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 702.0 kg/hr; destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 91.5700 %, determine the mass emitted in stack (W_out) in kg/hr.
Given
Find
mass emitted in stack (W_out), in kg/hr
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except W_out is given, so isolate W_out symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for W_out:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 702.0 kg/hr, destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 91.5700 %.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W_out = 59.1786 kg/hr to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 118.4 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 29.5893 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 65.0965 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
incinerator DRE demonstration for regulatory compliance Given mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 4.2810 kg/hr; destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 91.1820 %, determine the mass fed to incinerator (W_in) in kg/hr.
Given
Find
mass fed to incinerator (W_in), in kg/hr
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except W_in is given, so isolate W_in symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for W_in:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 4.2810 kg/hr, destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 91.1820 %.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W_in = 48.5484 kg/hr to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 97.0968 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 24.2742 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 53.4033 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
hazardous waste incineration destruction and removal efficiency requirement Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 700.0 kg/hr; mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 3.7600 kg/hr, determine the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) in %.
Given
Find
destruction and removal efficiency (DRE), in %
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except DRE is given, so isolate DRE symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for DRE:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 700.0 kg/hr, mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 3.7600 kg/hr.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
DRE = 99.4629\ \text{%}Step 6 — Check: returning DRE = 99.4629 % to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 198.9 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 49.7314 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 109.4 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
incineration DRE calculation from feed rate and stack emission rate Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 993.0 kg/hr; destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 96.3690 %, determine the mass emitted in stack (W_out) in kg/hr.
Given
Find
mass emitted in stack (W_out), in kg/hr
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except W_out is given, so isolate W_out symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for W_out:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 993.0 kg/hr, destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 96.3690 %.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W_out = 36.0558 kg/hr to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 72.1117 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 18.0279 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 39.6614 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
incinerator DRE demonstration for regulatory compliance Given mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 0.9930 kg/hr; destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 98.0830 %, determine the mass fed to incinerator (W_in) in kg/hr.
Given
Find
mass fed to incinerator (W_in), in kg/hr
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except W_in is given, so isolate W_in symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for W_in:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 0.9930 kg/hr, destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) = 98.0830 %.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W_in = 51.7997 kg/hr to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 103.6 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 25.8998 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 56.9797 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency
hazardous waste incineration destruction and removal efficiency requirement Given mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 764.0 kg/hr; mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 2.1890 kg/hr, determine the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) in %.
Given
Find
destruction and removal efficiency (DRE), in %
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Incineration (DRE).
- Everything except DRE is given, so isolate DRE symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Incineration performance is measured by the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of hazardous waste feed.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for DRE:
Step 3 — List the givens: mass fed to incinerator (W_in) = 764.0 kg/hr, mass emitted in stack (W_out) = 2.1890 kg/hr.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
DRE = 99.7135\ \text{%}Step 6 — Check: returning DRE = 99.7135 % to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 199.4 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 49.8567 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 109.7 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Incineration, Destruction and Removal Efficiency