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Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Environmental Engineering · FE Reference Handbook section

Environmental Engineering
1 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~47 min
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Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

daughter product maximum activity time in a radioactive decay chain Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1670 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.2370 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.16701/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1670 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=1.23701/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.2370 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1670 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.2370 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=1.8714 dayt_{max} = 1.8714\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 1.8714 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=1.8714 dayt_{max} = 1.8714\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 3.7429 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.9357 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 2.0586 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 2
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 2) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (2)

maximum activity time of a daughter isotope following parent decay Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0430 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.3720 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.04301/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0430 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=0.37201/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.3720 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0430 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.3720 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=6.5583 dayt_{max} = 6.5583\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 6.5583 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=6.5583 dayt_{max} = 6.5583\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 13.1167 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 3.2792 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 7.2142 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 3
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 3) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (3)

daughter product activity peak time computed from decay constants Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.2150 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.3250 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.21501/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.2150 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=0.32501/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.3250 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.2150 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.3250 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=3.7562 dayt_{max} = 3.7562\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 3.7562 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=3.7562 dayt_{max} = 3.7562\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 7.5125 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 1.8781 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 4.1319 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 4
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 4) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (4)

daughter product maximum activity time in a radioactive decay chain Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1930 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.1050 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.19301/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1930 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=1.10501/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.1050 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1930 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.1050 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=1.9133 dayt_{max} = 1.9133\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 1.9133 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=1.9133 dayt_{max} = 1.9133\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 3.8266 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.9566 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 2.1046 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 5
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 5) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (5)

maximum activity time of a daughter isotope following parent decay Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0320 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.4620 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.03201/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0320 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=1.46201/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.4620 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0320 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.4620 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=2.6726 dayt_{max} = 2.6726\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 2.6726 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=2.6726 dayt_{max} = 2.6726\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 5.3452 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 1.3363 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 2.9399 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 6
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 6) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (6)

daughter product activity peak time computed from decay constants Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1400 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.6910 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.14001/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1400 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=1.69101/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.6910 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1400 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.6910 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=1.6063 dayt_{max} = 1.6063\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 1.6063 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=1.6063 dayt_{max} = 1.6063\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 3.2127 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.8032 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1.7670 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 7
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 7) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (7)

daughter product maximum activity time in a radioactive decay chain Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.2120 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.9010 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.21201/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.2120 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=1.90101/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.9010 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.2120 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.9010 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=1.2987 dayt_{max} = 1.2987\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 1.2987 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=1.2987 dayt_{max} = 1.2987\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 2.5975 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.6494 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1.4286 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 8
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 8) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (8)

maximum activity time of a daughter isotope following parent decay Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1730 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.4900 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.17301/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1730 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=0.49001/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.4900 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1730 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.4900 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=3.2843 dayt_{max} = 3.2843\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 3.2843 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=3.2843 dayt_{max} = 3.2843\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 6.5685 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 1.6421 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 3.6127 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 9
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 9) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (9)

daughter product activity peak time computed from decay constants Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0140 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.5140 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.01401/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0140 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=0.51401/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.5140 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.0140 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 0.5140 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=7.2063 dayt_{max} = 7.2063\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 7.2063 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=7.2063 dayt_{max} = 7.2063\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 14.4127 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 3.6032 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 7.9270 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

Example 10
Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time — solve for time of maximum daughter activity (case 10) — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time (10)

daughter product maximum activity time in a radioactive decay chain Given parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1680 1/day; daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.5010 1/day, determine the time of maximum daughter activity (t_max) in day.

Given

  • parentdecayconstant(lambda1)=0.16801/dayparent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1680 1/day
  • daughterdecayconstant(lambda2)=1.50101/daydaughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.5010 1/day

Find

time of maximum daughter activity (t_max), in day

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time.
  • Everything except t_max is given, so isolate t_max symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • The daughter product maximum activity time gives the elapsed time after which the daughter radionuclide activity reaches its peak.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for t_max:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  3. Step 3 — List the givens: parent decay constant (lambda_1) = 0.1680 1/day, daughter decay constant (lambda_2) = 1.5010 1/day.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values:

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2-\lambda_1}
  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    tmax=1.6429 dayt_{max} = 1.6429\ \text{day}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning t_max = 1.6429 day to

    tmax=ln⁡(λ2/λ1)λ2−λ1t_{max} = \dfrac{\ln(\lambda_2/\lambda_1)}{\lambda_2 - \lambda_1}

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
tmax=1.6429 dayt_{max} = 1.6429\ \text{day}

Why the other options are there

  • 3.2857 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.8214 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1.8071 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Handbook — Daughter Product Maximum Activity Time

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