Skip to content

Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Dynamics · FE Reference Handbook section

Dynamics
2 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~49 min
All Dynamics lectures

Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Work–energy theorem — solve for work done — Potential Energy in Gravity Field

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 650.0 kg; initial speed (v1) = 6.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 19.0000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.

Given

  • mass(m)=650.0kgmass (m) = 650.0 kg
  • initialspeed(v1)=6.0000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 6.0000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=19.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 19.0000 m/s

Find

work done (W), in J

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 650.0 kg, initial speed (v1) = 6.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 19.0000 m/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    W=105625 JW = 105625\ \text{J}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning W = 105,625 J to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
W=105625 JW = 105625\ \text{J}

Why the other options are there

  • 211,250 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 52,813 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 116,188 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 2
Work–energy theorem — solve for mass — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (2)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 5.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 6.5000 m/s; work done (W) = 665,793 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.

Given

  • initialspeed(v1)=5.0000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 5.0000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=6.5000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 6.5000 m/s
  • workdone(W)=665,793Jwork done (W) = 665,793 J

Find

mass (m), in kg

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 5.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 6.5000 m/s, work done (W) = 665,793 J.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    m=77193 kgm = 77193\ \text{kg}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning m = 77,193 kg to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
m=77193 kgm = 77193\ \text{kg}

Why the other options are there

  • 154,387 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 38,597 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 84,913 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 3
Work–energy theorem — solve for work done (case 2) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (3)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 2,060 kg; initial speed (v1) = 3.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 20.0000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.

Given

  • mass(m)=2,060kgmass (m) = 2,060 kg
  • initialspeed(v1)=3.5000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 3.5000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=20.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 20.0000 m/s

Find

work done (W), in J

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 2,060 kg, initial speed (v1) = 3.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 20.0000 m/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    W=399383 JW = 399383\ \text{J}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning W = 399,383 J to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
W=399383 JW = 399383\ \text{J}

Why the other options are there

  • 798,765 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 199,691 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 439,321 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 4
Work–energy theorem — solve for mass (case 2) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (4)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 3.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 15.0000 m/s; work done (W) = 1,970,256 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.

Given

  • initialspeed(v1)=3.0000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 3.0000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=15.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 15.0000 m/s
  • workdone(W)=1,970,256Jwork done (W) = 1,970,256 J

Find

mass (m), in kg

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 3.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 15.0000 m/s, work done (W) = 1,970,256 J.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    m=18243 kgm = 18243\ \text{kg}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning m = 18,243 kg to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
m=18243 kgm = 18243\ \text{kg}

Why the other options are there

  • 36,486 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 9,122 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 20,067 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 5
Work–energy theorem — solve for work done (case 3) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (5)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 1,500 kg; initial speed (v1) = 3.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 30.0000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.

Given

  • mass(m)=1,500kgmass (m) = 1,500 kg
  • initialspeed(v1)=3.5000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 3.5000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=30.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 30.0000 m/s

Find

work done (W), in J

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 1,500 kg, initial speed (v1) = 3.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 30.0000 m/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    W=665813 JW = 665813\ \text{J}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning W = 665,813 J to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
W=665813 JW = 665813\ \text{J}

Why the other options are there

  • 1,331,625 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 332,906 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 732,394 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 6
Work–energy theorem — solve for mass (case 3) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (6)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 15.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 29.0000 m/s; work done (W) = 525,158 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.

Given

  • initialspeed(v1)=15.0000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 15.0000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=29.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 29.0000 m/s
  • workdone(W)=525,158Jwork done (W) = 525,158 J

Find

mass (m), in kg

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 15.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 29.0000 m/s, work done (W) = 525,158 J.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    m=1705 kgm = 1705\ \text{kg}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning m = 1,705 kg to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
m=1705 kgm = 1705\ \text{kg}

Why the other options are there

  • 3,410 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 852.5 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1,876 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 7
Work–energy theorem — solve for work done (case 4) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (7)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 1,920 kg; initial speed (v1) = 11.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 36.0000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.

Given

  • mass(m)=1,920kgmass (m) = 1,920 kg
  • initialspeed(v1)=11.5000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 11.5000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=36.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 36.0000 m/s

Find

work done (W), in J

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 1,920 kg, initial speed (v1) = 11.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 36.0000 m/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    W=1117200 JW = 1117200\ \text{J}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning W = 1,117,200 J to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
W=1117200 JW = 1117200\ \text{J}

Why the other options are there

  • 2,234,400 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 558,600 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1,228,920 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 8
Work–energy theorem — solve for mass (case 4) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (8)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 16.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 24.5000 m/s; work done (W) = 781,311 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.

Given

  • initialspeed(v1)=16.5000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 16.5000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=24.5000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 24.5000 m/s
  • workdone(W)=781,311Jwork done (W) = 781,311 J

Find

mass (m), in kg

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 16.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 24.5000 m/s, work done (W) = 781,311 J.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    m=4764 kgm = 4764\ \text{kg}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning m = 4,764 kg to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
m=4764 kgm = 4764\ \text{kg}

Why the other options are there

  • 9,528 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 2,382 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 5,241 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 9
Work–energy theorem — solve for work done (case 5) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (9)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 2,270 kg; initial speed (v1) = 10.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 31.5000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.

Given

  • mass(m)=2,270kgmass (m) = 2,270 kg
  • initialspeed(v1)=10.0000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 10.0000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=31.5000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 31.5000 m/s

Find

work done (W), in J

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 2,270 kg, initial speed (v1) = 10.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 31.5000 m/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    W=1012704 JW = 1012704\ \text{J}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning W = 1,012,704 J to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
W=1012704 JW = 1012704\ \text{J}

Why the other options are there

  • 2,025,408 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 506,352 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1,113,974 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

Example 10
Work–energy theorem — solve for mass (case 5) — Potential Energy in Gravity Field (10)

A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 13.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 7.0000 m/s; work done (W) = 1,015,944 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.

Given

  • initialspeed(v1)=13.0000m/sinitial speed (v_{1}) = 13.0000 m/s
  • finalspeed(v2)=7.0000m/sfinal speed (v_{2}) = 7.0000 m/s
  • workdone(W)=1,015,944Jwork done (W) = 1,015,944 J

Find

mass (m), in kg

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
  • Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 13.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 7.0000 m/s, work done (W) = 1,015,944 J.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    m=−16932 kgm = -16932\ \text{kg}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning m = -16,932 kg to

    W=12m(v22−v12)W = \tfrac12 m (v_2^2 - v_1^2)

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
m=−16932 kgm = -16932\ \text{kg}

Why the other options are there

  • -33,865 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -8,466 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -18,626 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Potential Energy in Gravity Field

© 2026 Dr. Steve Efe. Civil Engineering Capstone Studio. All rights reserved.