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Particle Rectilinear Motion

Dynamics · FE Reference Handbook section

Dynamics
7 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~59 min
All Dynamics lectures

Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity — Particle Rectilinear Motion

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 79.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -13.0000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 151.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=79.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 79.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−13.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -13.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=151.0ftdistance (s) = 151.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 79.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -13.0000 ft/s², distance (s) = 151.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=48.1144 ft/sv = 48.1144\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 48.1144 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=48.1144 ft/sv = 48.1144\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 96.2289 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 24.0572 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 52.9259 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 2
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for acceleration — Particle Rectilinear Motion (2)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 62.0000 ft/s; distance (s) = 451.0 ft; final velocity (v) = 36.6000 ft/s, determine the acceleration (a) in ft/s².

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=62.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 62.0000 ft/s
  • distance(s)=451.0ftdistance (s) = 451.0 ft
  • finalvelocity(v)=36.6000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 36.6000 ft/s

Find

acceleration (a), in ft/s²

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except a is given, so isolate a symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that a stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 62.0000 ft/s, distance (s) = 451.0 ft, final velocity (v) = 36.6000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    a=−2.7765 ft/s²a = -2.7765\ \text{ft/s²}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning a = -2.7765 ft/s² to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
a=−2.7765 ft/s²a = -2.7765\ \text{ft/s²}

Why the other options are there

  • -5.5531 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -1.3883 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -3.0542 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 3
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for distance — Particle Rectilinear Motion (3)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 68.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -14.5000 ft/s²; final velocity (v) = 110.9 ft/s, determine the distance (s) in ft.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=68.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 68.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−14.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -14.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • finalvelocity(v)=110.9ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 110.9 ft/s

Find

distance (s), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except s is given, so isolate s symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that s stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 68.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -14.5000 ft/s², final velocity (v) = 110.9 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    s=−264.6 fts = -264.6\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning s = -264.6 ft to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
s=−264.6 fts = -264.6\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • -529.3 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -132.3 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -291.1 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 4
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity (case 2) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (4)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 25.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -18.5000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 117.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=25.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 25.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−18.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -18.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=117.0ftdistance (s) = 117.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 25.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -18.5000 ft/s², distance (s) = 117.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=0.0000 ft/sv = 0.0000\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 0.0000 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=0.0000 ft/sv = 0.0000\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 0.0000 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.0000 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 0.0000 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 5
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for acceleration (case 2) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (5)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 13.0000 ft/s; distance (s) = 172.0 ft; final velocity (v) = 7.5000 ft/s, determine the acceleration (a) in ft/s².

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=13.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 13.0000 ft/s
  • distance(s)=172.0ftdistance (s) = 172.0 ft
  • finalvelocity(v)=7.5000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 7.5000 ft/s

Find

acceleration (a), in ft/s²

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except a is given, so isolate a symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that a stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 13.0000 ft/s, distance (s) = 172.0 ft, final velocity (v) = 7.5000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    a=−0.3278 ft/s²a = -0.3278\ \text{ft/s²}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning a = -0.3278 ft/s² to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
a=−0.3278 ft/s²a = -0.3278\ \text{ft/s²}

Why the other options are there

  • -0.6555 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -0.1639 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -0.3605 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 6
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for distance (case 2) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (6)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 71.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = 2.5000 ft/s²; final velocity (v) = 98.4000 ft/s, determine the distance (s) in ft.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=71.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 71.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=2.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = 2.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • finalvelocity(v)=98.4000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 98.4000 ft/s

Find

distance (s), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except s is given, so isolate s symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that s stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 71.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = 2.5000 ft/s², final velocity (v) = 98.4000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    s=928.3 fts = 928.3\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning s = 928.3 ft to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
s=928.3 fts = 928.3\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 1,857 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 464.2 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 1,021 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 7
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity (case 3) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (7)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 64.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -5.5000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 115.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=64.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 64.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−5.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -5.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=115.0ftdistance (s) = 115.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 64.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -5.5000 ft/s², distance (s) = 115.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=53.2071 ft/sv = 53.2071\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 53.2071 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=53.2071 ft/sv = 53.2071\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 106.4 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 26.6036 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 58.5279 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 8
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for acceleration (case 3) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (8)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 42.0000 ft/s; distance (s) = 434.0 ft; final velocity (v) = 82.5000 ft/s, determine the acceleration (a) in ft/s².

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=42.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 42.0000 ft/s
  • distance(s)=434.0ftdistance (s) = 434.0 ft
  • finalvelocity(v)=82.5000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 82.5000 ft/s

Find

acceleration (a), in ft/s²

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except a is given, so isolate a symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that a stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 42.0000 ft/s, distance (s) = 434.0 ft, final velocity (v) = 82.5000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    a=5.8090 ft/s²a = 5.8090\ \text{ft/s²}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning a = 5.8090 ft/s² to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
a=5.8090 ft/s²a = 5.8090\ \text{ft/s²}

Why the other options are there

  • 11.6181 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 2.9045 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 6.3899 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 9
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for distance (case 3) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (9)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 85.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -28.5000 ft/s²; final velocity (v) = 36.7000 ft/s, determine the distance (s) in ft.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=85.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 85.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−28.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -28.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • finalvelocity(v)=36.7000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 36.7000 ft/s

Find

distance (s), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except s is given, so isolate s symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that s stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 85.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -28.5000 ft/s², final velocity (v) = 36.7000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    s=103.1 fts = 103.1\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning s = 103.1 ft to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
s=103.1 fts = 103.1\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 206.2 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 51.5624 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 113.4 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

Example 10
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity (case 4) — Particle Rectilinear Motion (10)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 26.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -27.5000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 465.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=26.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 26.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−27.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -27.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=465.0ftdistance (s) = 465.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 26.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -27.5000 ft/s², distance (s) = 465.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=0.0000 ft/sv = 0.0000\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 0.0000 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=0.0000 ft/sv = 0.0000\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 0.0000 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.0000 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 0.0000 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Particle Rectilinear Motion

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