Mass Radius of Gyration
Dynamics · FE Reference Handbook section
Handbook notes for this section
Definitions and conditions exactly as the handbook states them.
- The mass radius of gyration is defined as
- Without loss of generality, the body may be assumed to be in the x-y plane. The scalar equations of motion may then be written as
- where zc indicates the z axis passing through the body's mass center, axc and ayc are the acceleration of the body's mass center in
Core formulas for this FE topic
Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.
Worked exam-style examples
The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.
A flywheel's mass radius of gyration is used to find its mass moment of inertia. Given mass (m) = 18.1000 slug; radius of gyration (k) = 1.4500 ft, determine the mass moment of inertia (I) in slug-ft^2.
Given
Find
mass moment of inertia (I), in slug-ft^2
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except I is given, so isolate I symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 1 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass moment of inertia — Mass Radius of Gyration
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for I:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
I = 38.0553\ \text{slug-ft^2}Step 6 — Check: returning I = 38.0553 slug-ft^2 to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 76.1105 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 19.0276 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 41.8608 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A rotating disk's mass radius of gyration is computed from test data. Given radius of gyration (k) = 1.3500 ft; mass moment of inertia (I) = 85.6000 slug-ft^2, determine the mass (m) in slug.
Given
Find
mass (m), in slug
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 2 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass — Mass Radius of Gyration (2)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for m:
Step 3 — List the givens: radius of gyration (k) = 1.3500 ft, mass moment of inertia (I) = 85.6000 slug-ft^2.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = 46.9684 slug to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 93.9369 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 23.4842 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 51.6653 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A vehicle wheel's mass radius of gyration is estimated for a dynamics problem. Given mass (m) = 13.7000 slug; mass moment of inertia (I) = 90.9000 slug-ft^2, determine the radius of gyration (k) in ft.
Given
Find
radius of gyration (k), in ft
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except k is given, so isolate k symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 3 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for radius of gyration — Mass Radius of Gyration (3)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for k:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning k = 2.5759 ft to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 5.1517 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 1.2879 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 2.8334 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A flywheel's mass radius of gyration is used to find its mass moment of inertia. Given mass (m) = 15.0000 slug; radius of gyration (k) = 1.4500 ft, determine the mass moment of inertia (I) in slug-ft^2.
Given
Find
mass moment of inertia (I), in slug-ft^2
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except I is given, so isolate I symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 4 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass moment of inertia (case 2) — Mass Radius of Gyration (4)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for I:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
I = 31.5375\ \text{slug-ft^2}Step 6 — Check: returning I = 31.5375 slug-ft^2 to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 63.0750 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 15.7688 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 34.6913 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A rotating disk's mass radius of gyration is computed from test data. Given radius of gyration (k) = 1.8000 ft; mass moment of inertia (I) = 182.0 slug-ft^2, determine the mass (m) in slug.
Given
Find
mass (m), in slug
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 5 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass (case 2) — Mass Radius of Gyration (5)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for m:
Step 3 — List the givens: radius of gyration (k) = 1.8000 ft, mass moment of inertia (I) = 182.0 slug-ft^2.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = 56.1728 slug to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 112.3 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 28.0864 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 61.7901 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A vehicle wheel's mass radius of gyration is estimated for a dynamics problem. Given mass (m) = 27.4000 slug; mass moment of inertia (I) = 126.9 slug-ft^2, determine the radius of gyration (k) in ft.
Given
Find
radius of gyration (k), in ft
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except k is given, so isolate k symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 6 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for radius of gyration (case 2) — Mass Radius of Gyration (6)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for k:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning k = 2.1521 ft to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 4.3041 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 1.0760 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 2.3673 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A flywheel's mass radius of gyration is used to find its mass moment of inertia. Given mass (m) = 20.1000 slug; radius of gyration (k) = 1.1500 ft, determine the mass moment of inertia (I) in slug-ft^2.
Given
Find
mass moment of inertia (I), in slug-ft^2
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except I is given, so isolate I symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 7 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass moment of inertia (case 3) — Mass Radius of Gyration (7)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for I:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
I = 26.5823\ \text{slug-ft^2}Step 6 — Check: returning I = 26.5823 slug-ft^2 to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 53.1645 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 13.2911 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 29.2405 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A rotating disk's mass radius of gyration is computed from test data. Given radius of gyration (k) = 2.1500 ft; mass moment of inertia (I) = 53.8000 slug-ft^2, determine the mass (m) in slug.
Given
Find
mass (m), in slug
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 8 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass (case 3) — Mass Radius of Gyration (8)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for m:
Step 3 — List the givens: radius of gyration (k) = 2.1500 ft, mass moment of inertia (I) = 53.8000 slug-ft^2.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = 11.6387 slug to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 23.2774 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 5.8194 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 12.8026 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A vehicle wheel's mass radius of gyration is estimated for a dynamics problem. Given mass (m) = 6.4000 slug; mass moment of inertia (I) = 113.4 slug-ft^2, determine the radius of gyration (k) in ft.
Given
Find
radius of gyration (k), in ft
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except k is given, so isolate k symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 9 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for radius of gyration (case 3) — Mass Radius of Gyration (9)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for k:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning k = 4.2094 ft to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 8.4187 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 2.1047 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 4.6303 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration
A flywheel's mass radius of gyration is used to find its mass moment of inertia. Given mass (m) = 17.0000 slug; radius of gyration (k) = 0.5000 ft, determine the mass moment of inertia (I) in slug-ft^2.
Given
Find
mass moment of inertia (I), in slug-ft^2
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Mass radius of gyration.
- Everything except I is given, so isolate I symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- The mass radius of gyration relates a rigid body's mass moment of inertia to an equivalent concentrated mass location.
Figure 10 — schematic for Mass radius of gyration — solve for mass moment of inertia (case 4) — Mass Radius of Gyration (10)
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange symbolically for I:
Step 3
Step 4 — Substitute the given values:
Step 5 — Evaluate:
I = 4.2500\ \text{slug-ft^2}Step 6 — Check: returning I = 4.2500 slug-ft^2 to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 8.5000 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 2.1250 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 4.6750 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Handbook — Dynamics: Mass Radius of Gyration