Kinetics of a Rigid Body
Dynamics · FE Reference Handbook section
Handbook notes for this section
Definitions and conditions exactly as the handbook states them.
- In general, Newton's second law for a rigid body, with constant mass and mass moment of inertia, in plane motion may be
- angular acceleration both about an axis normal to the plane of motion, Ic is the mass moment of inertia about the normal axis
- through the mass center, and ρpc is a vector from point p to point c.
Core formulas for this FE topic
Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.
Worked exam-style examples
The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 2,830 kg; initial speed (v1) = 10.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 26.5000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.
Given
Find
work done (W), in J
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 2,830 kg, initial speed (v1) = 10.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 26.5000 m/s.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W = 852,184 J to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 1,704,368 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 426,092 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 937,402 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 16.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 12.0000 m/s; work done (W) = 1,851,485 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.
Given
Find
mass (m), in kg
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 16.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 12.0000 m/s, work done (W) = 1,851,485 J.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = -33,062 kg to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- -66,124 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- -16,531 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- -36,368 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 540.0 kg; initial speed (v1) = 8.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 7.5000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.
Given
Find
work done (W), in J
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 540.0 kg, initial speed (v1) = 8.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 7.5000 m/s.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W = -4,320 J to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- -8,640 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- -2,160 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- -4,752 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 15.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 8.0000 m/s; work done (W) = 1,227,514 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.
Given
Find
mass (m), in kg
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 15.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 8.0000 m/s, work done (W) = 1,227,514 J.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = -13,929 kg to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- -27,858 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- -6,965 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- -15,322 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 920.0 kg; initial speed (v1) = 9.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 32.5000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.
Given
Find
work done (W), in J
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 920.0 kg, initial speed (v1) = 9.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 32.5000 m/s.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W = 444,360 J to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 888,720 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 222,180 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 488,796 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 6.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 7.5000 m/s; work done (W) = 1,449,522 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.
Given
Find
mass (m), in kg
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 6.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 7.5000 m/s, work done (W) = 1,449,522 J.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = 143,163 kg to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 286,325 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 71,581 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 157,479 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 1,880 kg; initial speed (v1) = 3.5000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 34.0000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.
Given
Find
work done (W), in J
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 1,880 kg, initial speed (v1) = 3.5000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 34.0000 m/s.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W = 1,075,125 J to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 2,150,250 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 537,563 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 1,182,638 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 16.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 31.5000 m/s; work done (W) = 957,141 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.
Given
Find
mass (m), in kg
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 16.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 31.5000 m/s, work done (W) = 957,141 J.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = 2,600 kg to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 5,200 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 1,300 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 2,860 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given mass (m) = 1,200 kg; initial speed (v1) = 3.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 13.5000 m/s, determine the work done (W) in J.
Given
Find
work done (W), in J
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except W is given, so isolate W symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that W stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: mass (m) = 1,200 kg, initial speed (v1) = 3.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 13.5000 m/s.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning W = 103,950 J to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 207,900 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 51,975 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 114,345 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body
A dynamics problem uses Work–energy theorem. Given initial speed (v1) = 6.0000 m/s; final speed (v2) = 23.0000 m/s; work done (W) = 1,880,645 J, determine the mass (m) in kg.
Given
Find
mass (m), in kg
Start with the thinking
- The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Work–energy theorem.
- Everything except m is given, so isolate m symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
- Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
- Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.
Step-by-step solution
Step 1 — State the governing relation:
Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that m stands alone on the left-hand side.
Step 3 — List the givens: initial speed (v1) = 6.0000 m/s, final speed (v2) = 23.0000 m/s, work done (W) = 1,880,645 J.
Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.
Step 5 — Evaluate:
Step 6 — Check: returning m = 7,629 kg to
reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.
Why the other options are there
- 15,259 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
- 3,815 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
- 8,392 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.
Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Kinetics of a Rigid Body