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Common Nomenclature

Dynamics · FE Reference Handbook section

Dynamics
14 formulas
10 exam-style examples
~60 min
All Dynamics lectures

Core formulas for this FE topic

Definitions, applicability, units, assumptions and worked examples for each relation.

Worked exam-style examples

The four ways this section is written on the real exam — thoughts first, then equations, then substitution.

Example 1
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity — Common Nomenclature

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 64.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -21.0000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 469.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=64.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 64.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−21.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -21.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=469.0ftdistance (s) = 469.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 64.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -21.0000 ft/s², distance (s) = 469.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=0.0000 ft/sv = 0.0000\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 0.0000 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=0.0000 ft/sv = 0.0000\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 0.0000 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 0.0000 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 0.0000 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 2
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for acceleration — Common Nomenclature (2)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 76.0000 ft/s; distance (s) = 420.0 ft; final velocity (v) = 73.2000 ft/s, determine the acceleration (a) in ft/s².

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=76.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 76.0000 ft/s
  • distance(s)=420.0ftdistance (s) = 420.0 ft
  • finalvelocity(v)=73.2000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 73.2000 ft/s

Find

acceleration (a), in ft/s²

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except a is given, so isolate a symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that a stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 76.0000 ft/s, distance (s) = 420.0 ft, final velocity (v) = 73.2000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    a=−0.4973 ft/s²a = -0.4973\ \text{ft/s²}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning a = -0.4973 ft/s² to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
a=−0.4973 ft/s²a = -0.4973\ \text{ft/s²}

Why the other options are there

  • -0.9947 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -0.2487 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -0.5471 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 3
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for distance — Common Nomenclature (3)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 48.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -18.0000 ft/s²; final velocity (v) = 52.4000 ft/s, determine the distance (s) in ft.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=48.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 48.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−18.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -18.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • finalvelocity(v)=52.4000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 52.4000 ft/s

Find

distance (s), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except s is given, so isolate s symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that s stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 48.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -18.0000 ft/s², final velocity (v) = 52.4000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    s=−12.2711 fts = -12.2711\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning s = -12.2711 ft to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
s=−12.2711 fts = -12.2711\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • -24.5422 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -6.1356 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -13.4982 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 4
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity (case 2) — Common Nomenclature (4)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 73.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = -19.0000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 50.0000 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=73.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 73.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=−19.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = -19.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=50.0000ftdistance (s) = 50.0000 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 73.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = -19.0000 ft/s², distance (s) = 50.0000 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=58.5577 ft/sv = 58.5577\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 58.5577 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=58.5577 ft/sv = 58.5577\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 117.1 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 29.2788 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 64.4134 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 5
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for acceleration (case 2) — Common Nomenclature (5)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 61.0000 ft/s; distance (s) = 231.0 ft; final velocity (v) = 14.1000 ft/s, determine the acceleration (a) in ft/s².

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=61.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 61.0000 ft/s
  • distance(s)=231.0ftdistance (s) = 231.0 ft
  • finalvelocity(v)=14.1000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 14.1000 ft/s

Find

acceleration (a), in ft/s²

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except a is given, so isolate a symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that a stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 61.0000 ft/s, distance (s) = 231.0 ft, final velocity (v) = 14.1000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    a=−7.6238 ft/s²a = -7.6238\ \text{ft/s²}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning a = -7.6238 ft/s² to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
a=−7.6238 ft/s²a = -7.6238\ \text{ft/s²}

Why the other options are there

  • -15.2476 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • -3.8119 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • -8.3862 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 6
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for distance (case 2) — Common Nomenclature (6)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 42.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = 25.5000 ft/s²; final velocity (v) = 86.1000 ft/s, determine the distance (s) in ft.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=42.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 42.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=25.5000ft/s2acceleration (a) = 25.5000 ft/s^{2}
  • finalvelocity(v)=86.1000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 86.1000 ft/s

Find

distance (s), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except s is given, so isolate s symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that s stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 42.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = 25.5000 ft/s², final velocity (v) = 86.1000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    s=110.8 fts = 110.8\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning s = 110.8 ft to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
s=110.8 fts = 110.8\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 221.5 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 55.3844 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 121.8 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 7
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity (case 3) — Common Nomenclature (7)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 78.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = 10.0000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 277.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=78.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 78.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=10.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = 10.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=277.0ftdistance (s) = 277.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 78.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = 10.0000 ft/s², distance (s) = 277.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=107.8 ft/sv = 107.8\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 107.8 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=107.8 ft/sv = 107.8\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 215.6 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 53.9073 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 118.6 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 8
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for acceleration (case 3) — Common Nomenclature (8)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 84.0000 ft/s; distance (s) = 298.0 ft; final velocity (v) = 146.8 ft/s, determine the acceleration (a) in ft/s².

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=84.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 84.0000 ft/s
  • distance(s)=298.0ftdistance (s) = 298.0 ft
  • finalvelocity(v)=146.8ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 146.8 ft/s

Find

acceleration (a), in ft/s²

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except a is given, so isolate a symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that a stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 84.0000 ft/s, distance (s) = 298.0 ft, final velocity (v) = 146.8 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    a=24.3192 ft/s²a = 24.3192\ \text{ft/s²}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning a = 24.3192 ft/s² to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
a=24.3192 ft/s²a = 24.3192\ \text{ft/s²}

Why the other options are there

  • 48.6384 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 12.1596 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 26.7511 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 9
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for distance (case 3) — Common Nomenclature (9)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 10.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = 3.0000 ft/s²; final velocity (v) = 46.0000 ft/s, determine the distance (s) in ft.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=10.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 10.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=3.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = 3.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • finalvelocity(v)=46.0000ft/sfinal velocity (v) = 46.0000 ft/s

Find

distance (s), in ft

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except s is given, so isolate s symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that s stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 10.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = 3.0000 ft/s², final velocity (v) = 46.0000 ft/s.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    s=336.0 fts = 336.0\ \text{ft}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning s = 336.0 ft to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
s=336.0 fts = 336.0\ \text{ft}

Why the other options are there

  • 672.0 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 168.0 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 369.6 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

Example 10
Constant-acceleration kinematics — solve for final velocity (case 4) — Common Nomenclature (10)

A dynamics problem uses Constant-acceleration kinematics. Given initial velocity (v0) = 89.0000 ft/s; acceleration (a) = 12.0000 ft/s²; distance (s) = 464.0 ft, determine the final velocity (v) in ft/s.

Given

  • initialvelocity(v0)=89.0000ft/sinitial velocity (v_{0}) = 89.0000 ft/s
  • acceleration(a)=12.0000ft/s2acceleration (a) = 12.0000 ft/s^{2}
  • distance(s)=464.0ftdistance (s) = 464.0 ft

Find

final velocity (v), in ft/s

Start with the thinking

  • The governing relation printed in this handbook section is Constant-acceleration kinematics.
  • Everything except v is given, so isolate v symbolically first — never rearrange after the numbers are in.
  • Tabulate each given with its unit and confirm the units are consistent with the relation before substituting.
  • Dynamics items reward recognising the unknown before touching a calculator.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Step 1 — State the governing relation:

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s
  2. Step 2 — Rearrange the relation so that v stands alone on the left-hand side.

  3. Step 3 — List the givens: initial velocity (v0) = 89.0000 ft/s, acceleration (a) = 12.0000 ft/s², distance (s) = 464.0 ft.

  4. Step 4 — Substitute the given values into the rearranged relation.

  5. Step 5 — Evaluate:

    v=138.0 ft/sv = 138.0\ \text{ft/s}
  6. Step 6 — Check: returning v = 138.0 ft/s to

    v2=v02+2asv^2 = v_0^2 + 2 a s

    reproduces the given quantities, and both sides carry the same units.

Answer:
v=138.0 ft/sv = 138.0\ \text{ft/s}

Why the other options are there

  • 276.1 — kept a factor of two that cancels in the correct rearrangement.
  • 69.0235 — dropped that same factor in the other direction.
  • 151.9 — rounded an intermediate value before the final step.

Reference: FE Reference Handbook — Dynamics → Common Nomenclature

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